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LITERATURE

NOVELS OF THE WEEK.

148-152
163-154

...

154

The Law Forbids. By Katharine King.
3 vols. (Hurst & Blackett.)
Entangled. By E. Fairfax Byrrne. 3 vols.
(Same publishers.)
2 vols.
(Man-

Camilla's Girlhood. By Linda Villari. (Fisher Unwin.)

on both sides the principal actors betake
themselves for consolation to America. The
success of this polemic would have been
enhanced had the complication come about
in some more fateful way. The silly con-
duct of the hero in marrying the aunt in
order to cure himself of his love for the
niece deprives him of any claim to sympathy.
Bee and Robin Rose, the farmer's daughters,
are fresh and natural, and their portion of
the tale is much the most interesting. The
naïve and admirable courtship of Jemmy
Despard and Robin is the best thing in the
book, and Bee's matter-of-fact annexation of
her sister's wooer when she finds the fas-
cinating Brewster to be beyond her reach is
also natural. There is much interest in the
story, though it fails from the moral point of

view.

'Entangled' is above the average. Miss 154 Byrrne's abilities are better than those of most women who supply the novel market; she has a larger stock of information, and considerably more power and discrimination in using it. But the very natural temptation to give sure proof of these qualifications is somewhat too strong for her, and her book suffers proportionately. It is wanting in simplicity and in humour. The characters are apt to be too sententious in conversation, and rather constrained in manner. The author seems to have taken too grave an interest in the principal figures, paying more attention to their aims than to their personality. Consequently the best characters are to be found among the supernumeraries smaller people who can afford to be natural. The story loses something by not being commenced early enough; there is too much of what Miss Byrrne calls prelude. On the other hand, the book has the not very common merit of improving as it goes on. Towards the end it exhibits a good deal of graphic skill; and in several places there is evidence of pathetic power..

The Life of Thomas Wanless, Peasant. chester, Dale.) Miss KING has written an interesting story, charged unfortunately, as so much fiction is, with a purpose. The gilding or sugar which surrounds the pill is in this instance so disproportionate to the nauseousness of the drug administered, that it would be captious to complain of the doubtful moral inculcated. Mr. Brewster, the hero, is an old young man of some forty winters. He is cursed with a small independence, and being a gentleman and a judge of horses, he is recommed to two neighbouring squires, Mr. Mortimer and Mr. Treherne. He selects the stud, and escorts the ladies in the hunting-field. A ng and intimate relation in this capacity with pretty Jennie Mortimer has warmed his honest heart with the most devoted Jasion. But he feels himself handicapped

age,

and discouraged by the reception valists receive from the worthy, but verdly mother of his heroine. Anxious to crush his too rebellious feelings, he takes

In her bright and pleasant story Madame Villari avails herself of the experience of a double nationality to blend strongly contrasted effects, and carries her readers from the shores of the Thames to those of the Lake of Garda, and from English home life and surroundings to the presence of Mazzini, the Chief," and the by ways of conspiracy, with enviable facility. She writes in a straightforward and unaffected style, which makes her story satisfactory reading. Of late years the novel-reader who does not crave for full-flavoured and highly spiced

elsewhere, nor has the suggestion any bearing whatever that we can discover upon the story. The author may know all about it, but as it stands she has said too much or too little. It is worth while to point this out, because it is a pity that a well-imagined story should suffer through faults in the manner of telling it.

'The Life of Thomas Wanless' is a socialist and republican polemic. It is not, therefore, necessary to criticize the fairness or good taste of the attacks on the Church and the squires which it embodies. Those who know the country know that the Rev. Josiah Codling is as little the type of an English clergyman as the seducer of Sally Wanless is a fair specimen of an English squire. Yet there is no denying that the life of an agricultural labourer at the beginning of the century was extremely hard; that such a career of misfortune as Wanless underwent is possible, though not probable; and that the sentiments of his class as to their richer neighbours are very much, at least in many districts, the same as are put into his mouth by the anonymous author. The hero, apparently expressing the writer's views, holds that "church lands were taken from the poor by chicane and greed," that wars of aggression in modern times are due to the institution of monarchy, that "the people" have no interest in the maintenance or defence of the empire, and that they would somehow be better off if they could pull down the classes above them. Wanless's story, such as it is, is told with much power. In a literary point of view more moderation in speaking of "parsons" and "aristocrats" would have added to its force; but these outbursts of invective are probably intended to serve a purpose with readers whose literary taste is not much educated. It is, probably, not, from the writer's standpoint, a bad electioneering move to publish on the eve of the new franchise coming into operation a work which recounts how a labouring man was brutally beaten by farmers; how he was

condemned to hard labour for rabbit stealing from a bench of interested J. P.s; how one son was carried off to the wars and

others were compelled to emigrate; how his daughter was seduced and deserted by the squire of the parish, who also debauched the parson's daughter and drove her to suicide, how he went to seek his child and found her a prostitute on the streets; and the opportunity afforded him by the death literary fare has been rather apt to "decline Christian man. This is a sensational story; how, through it all, he was an exemplary and Jennie's aunt, who has long regarded him was garnished with Italian castles, than literary, and criticism of it hardly comes him as the silent victim of an unrequited chestnuts, maize fields, vineyards, and villas, within the scope of this journal. passion for herself. He thereby acquires after the fashion of another lady novelist the widow's country seat and property, who need not here be named. Madame

but his comfort is destroyed by the furious Villari is to be thanked for showing that Advance Australia ! By the Hon. Harold

Finch-Hatton. (Allen & Co.)

is pathetically described, directs her sus- our moral sense. The chief fault of 'Camilla's Australia has enabled Mr. Finch-Hatton to so it first the poor lady, whose position story that offends neither our good taste nor KEEN observation during eight years in pon against two charming daughters Girlhood' is that it is a trifle overburdened give his readers a fair and trustworthy of a farmer at whose house Mr. Brewster with characters, and the author is rather too account of gold-mining, exhibiting its dark spends an unconscionable portion of his fond of letting us see bits of threads which as well as its attractive side. His personal When her eyes are opened to the true are never followed up, and seem to have no experiences and moderate success in this the hitherto unconscious Jennie, the phrase sudden emotion on first meeting Camilla? pation of diggers, bad enough at the best. f jealousy has also revealed the position to ample, what was the cause of Miss Lonsdale's exaggeration of the hardships and dissithat "relations are strained" but feebly ex- There is a hint of some tender relations in Although we read of wonderful examples presses the catastrophe. Then Mrs. Brew- old days between the elder lady and the of success, and of the incredible, but as yet ster dies, and after a good deal of self-torture girl's father, but nothing of the kind appears unrealized riches of Mount Morgan, with its

state of his affections, and a fierce display part in the structure of the fabric. For ex- pursuit

are related without the usual

450,000 tons of quartz, worth 201. per ton, in one out of many lodes, yet, as is said elsewhere, it is true that mining for gold does not pay, that it costs more to win the metal than it is worth, and that the average result returns less than fair wages to those employed. Not only is this the case, but we are told:"Numerous as are the instances of enormous

fortunes made in mining, I doubt if the history

of the Australian colonies affords a score of

examples where money so made has not done more harm than good. As a rule its possessor

becomes bitten with an incurable mania for wild speculation, if for nothing worse; and whether he makes a few ounces out of a pot-hole

in a creek and spends it at the nearest shanty,

or makes a rise of 100,000l. out of a good reef and fools it away trying to get more, it seems to be an inevitable law that money made by mining should be provided with something worse than wings."

Mr. Finch-Hatton gives several instances; we will only quote one:

"He was a blacksmith by trade......He stuck to his claim, and one day struck gold. In a short time he was in receipt of 500l. a day, and continued at that for a very long while. I do not think any one, not even himself, ever knew exactly how much he was worth......But he never did any good. He taught himself to read and write; took to wild speculations in other mines, in race-horses, in wheat, in everything; drank like a fish; and finally completed his downward career by becoming a member of the Legislative Assembly in Brisbane, and his bankruptcy appeared a short time ago in the London Times."

that both the climate and the soil are

saw anything more forlornly ugly in the way of
scenery. Undoubtedly it is one of the finest
harbours from a naval point of view in the
world, but there is nothing whatever picturesque
about it......The general panorama of Sydney
the land, is positively ugly."
Harbour, whether viewed from the sea or from

All this, as well as his description of the
climate, has at least the merit of novelty.
But his fiercest indignation is reserved for
politicians and their doings. We hesitate
to believe such sweeping assertions as this:
"The tone of our [Queensland] Parliament has
never been very high, but compared with the
Houses in New South Wales and Victoria we
always felt ourselves to be eminently respect-

able.

All claim to such distinction is now gone. Whatever elements a House may be composed of, it cannot fail to lose caste by assigning the position of Speaker to such a man as now holds

it."

He elsewhere describes him as a "thrice

convicted felon."

"But although the Queensland Assembly
may be deficient in a sense of dignity, it certainly
does not lack wit. Some years ago the present
Speaker (Mr. Groom) was very desirous of ob-
taining a Government appointment. In the
course of debate, one of his friends declared that
Mr. Groom's long services under Government
most distinctly entitled him to hold some office.
Whereupon some one on the other side got up
and observed, with more truth than feeling, that
'considering what the nature of Mr. Groom's
services to the country had been, the only
appointment he was qualified to hold was that of
Groom of the Stole.""

As coal of the best quality is easily won This is but a sample of the ridicule and and is of unlimited quantity, and as iron, worse which Mr. Finch-Hatton heaps on copper, tin, and other minerals are found in the heads of the legislators. As he holds profusion, it may be hoped that regular work these views, it is surprising to find him may be productive of more permanent results. in his concluding chapter strenuously advoWe scarcely can agree with Mr. Finch- cating "Imperial Federation." The statesHatton's views as to the prospects of sugar- manlike views often entertained by colonial planting. No doubt he is right in saying ministers and the enthusiastic patriotism which has recently been exhibited by our favourable for the canes, but similar advan-brothers under the Southern Cross will not tages exist in many other places, and the predispose English readers to accept all question is whether sugar can be produced Mr. Finch-Hatton's criticisms. more cheaply elsewhere. It is clear that it cannot be raised in Australia without Asiatic labour, and that the supply of Kanákas, from the already depopulated islands of the Pacific, is and must be totally inadequate, even if it were not interfered with by legislation. Nor can we say that we consider his tables of the profits of squatting to be trustworthy. The instances he has given may not be overdrawn indeed, we have known even

more striking examples; but sufficient allowance has not been made for the reverse side of the picture. Drought has destroyed many millions of sheep and of cattle, and numbers of settlers have been ruined from this cause within the last three years. The expense of moving stock has also enormously increased since the country has been fenced in. Feed cannot now be obtained on enclosed roads, and the danger of infection is much augmented. Carriage by rail is often the only alternative, and the cost of transit frequently equals the price of the sheep. This is a serious consideration for settlers remote from markets, but we have never yet seen it properly discussed by any author.

Mr. Finch-Hatton has the courage of his opinions. He saw no beauty in the Bay of Naples, and

"where Sydney harbour got its reputation for

|

The Angler and the Loop-Rod. By David
Webster. (Blackwood & Sons.)
PERHAPS the reader may have watched a
burly Scotsman wading far out into the
currents of some Border stream, and casting
a line armed with ten or a dozen flies to
earn his bread. Mr. Webster is himself a
professional angler in Tweed and Clyde,
and in this treatise advises his brethren to
equip themselves with a mighty two-handed
rod and long line, and walk along the
bed of some great river to fling a line of
thirty feet. We much fear that the degene
rate youths of the day will recoil from the
labour. A light rod is more to their taste,
and a ramble down the bank with a cast of
three flies proves sufficient exertion for a
holiday. There is no doubt that Mr.
Webster's favourite weapon will kill more
trout in the same time; it demands an
apprenticeship, however, and its use calls
for something more than slight exertion.
But what is the loop-rod? most fishermen
will ask. It is a return to the principles of
Walton's time. Walton recommends, it will
be remembered, that when the fisherman
hooks a strong fish which runs out his line
to the extremity, rather than have his line

recover it as he can. In short, Walton was practically unacquainted with the reel. Blome, writing thirty-three years afterwards, in 1686, alludes to it as in common use, and the Chinese were certainly acquainted with it in the eleventh century. Mr. Webster rings which are considered to maintain an now deliberately discards it, and with it the about the beginning of the eighteenth ceneven stress upon the rod, and were invented tury. Mr. Webster obtains an even play from every part of his rod by abjuring sockets and splicing its joints together. Doubtless an angler secures the extreme of pliancy and strength from his rod when once he has accustomed himself to splice it; but few things are more provoking than an inadequately fastened rod. The wielder loses all confidence in his weapon. As Mr. Webster equips him, the trout-fisher must possess a three-jointed, double-handed rod, measuring from 13 ft. 6 in. to 13 ft. 8 in. At its extremity is a strong loop of twisted horsehair, through which is passed a tapered horsehair line, which is to be fastened there. This line must be from 18 to 20 ft. in length, terminating in a gut-line of 16 or 17 ft. long. On this nine flies are fastened, leaving a space of has thus at every cast to throw a length of 20 or 22 in. from fly to fly. The fisherman from 34 to 37 ft. of line, and supposing him to be expert in his art, it is manifest what an extent of water he will cover at each cast. No better system could be followed by the professional, but probably the cum brousness of the proceeding, and the awkwardness, without considerable practice, of taking the trout from the fly, will deter ordinary men from adopting the loop-rod Mr. Webster does not appear to use any landing-net, which increases the difficulty of capturing fish. His fellow anglers or the Tweed mostly use a very short-handled net, which is thrust into the pocket wher not required.

Much wrong would be done to Mr Webster if it were supposed that the constituted the chief claim of his book of advocacy of this loop-rod style of fishing the attention of anglers. Besides this it con tains a methodical treatise on fishing for the Salmonida. Bait, minnow, and fly-fishing are described at great length; and h must be a finished angler who does not find useful hints scattered through these pages Mr. Webster spends too much time in con futing other writers. We could well har spared tilts at Capt. Dick and Mr. Francis. Even the author's own country man Mr. Stewart is confuted, until we ar fain to remember that "hawks dinna pies

with

oot other hawks' ees." Mr. Webster writes. as a rule, so sensibly that we are loth t see a page every here and there taken u with a one-sided wrangle of this kind, and experiences. Not that we always agree would infinitely prefer more of the author' him. He recommends his readers, for instance never to "work" their flies, i.e., to let th stream bear them on at its own sweet will without that undefined, undefinable humour ing of them which an angler occasionall gives, greatly, as we believe, to the advan tage of his basket. landing-net seems to us a fishing heres which ought to be censured by all fly

The omission of

beauty I am quite at a loss to imagine. I never snapped he should throw in the rod, and fishers' clubs and angling associations

Again, the reader is told "to cover a rising
fish by making the cast two or three
feet above the precise spot where the fish
rose, allowing the flies to sail over him,
so as to permit of his seeing and seizing
them if he feel inclined." Probably he will
not only see, but also see through the fly, if
this course be adopted. Most fly-fishers,
we are persuaded, will always endeavour, in
spite of Mr. Webster's advice, to drop the fly
as near as may be to the centre of the circling
eddies made by a rising fish. Before the trout
has turned away, with the taste of the hap-
less fly yet in its mouth (supposing that trout
can taste, which is open to much question),
another fly floats down, and, without any
suspicion of deceit, this artificial fly is also
greedily swallowed. This plan answers
better than Mr. Webster's. In his list of
flies, too, the author might certainly
have named one or two fancy flies,
such as
"Hoffland's Fancy," which is
a useful taking fly on any water, although
his main contention is that all flies must
be dressed as true to nature as may be.
This is, no doubt, true as a general pro-
position, but experience shows that there is
a certain liking among trout for the non-
descripts known as fancy flies, and they are
often useful to an angler when he either
cannot detect what fly is on the water at the
time he fishes, or cannot exactly, in the
hurry of the moment, imitate it.

duly set forth by Walton; it was Sir H. of them, nor may know where the original
Davy's favourite fish; its flavour is singular; draft with the king's corrections is to be
its literary associations are most interest-seen, must for the present be content with
ing. Mr. Webster seems to know it only a note, See App. B."
in the Clyde, where it has been introduced
in quite recent years. Amidst its own snows
and primitive rocks it is quite a different
fish. It may be true that it gradually
dispossesses trout; this we believe to be a
true allegation; but the grayling, which
"feeds on gold," will always be dear to the
fisherman who is more than a mere catcher
of fish.

We have written at length of 'The Angler and the Loop-Rod' because it is an important contribution to modern fishing literature. A beginner can here learn the art of angling from an expert, and, even when he disagrees with the conclusions, a veteran will be pleased with Mr. Webster's style. Mr. Webster very seldom runs riot, as do too many angling authors, on hills and vales, sunsets, and other sentimental fioriture. Diagrams and coloured plates of flies are not thrown in for effect, as in some angling books. Full, carefully written, and containing much sound sense, Mr. Webster's book deserves the attention of every fly-fisher, although it is not likely that he will at once provide himself with a loop-rod to the exclusion of his old favourite.

The Reformation Settlement. By J. Lewis,
M.A., LL.D. (Cambridge, Deighton,
Bell & Co.)

THE subject-matter of this book is more
fully explained upon the title itself, as
"being a summary of the public acts and
official documents relating to the law and
ritual of the Church of England from A.D.
1509 to A.D. 1666." Mr. Lewis's plan is a
good plan, and somewhat original. Starting
with the Acts of Parliament in 1529, which
first openly clashed with the authority of
the Roman courts by regulating fees, pro-
hibiting pluralities, &c., Mr. Lewis gives a
careful account, in a brief but sufficient way,
of every act or statute which affected the
Church of England down to the Restoration.
More than this, he adds frequent notices of
the chief events which occurred during that
period, so far as they were the causes or the
consequences of those statutes, and ample
extracts from royal proclamations and epis-
copal injunctions and articles of inquiry.
The book, therefore, can be recommended,
not merely as giving what may almost
be called an abridged church history for
150 years, but as a very useful work of

In opposition to most men's practice, our author recommends the minnow-fisher to use no lead sinker. In short, Mr. Webster is a little too absolute in all his directions. Always fish up stream when possible, he says, and doubtless with truth. But there are certain days when the wind blows in the angler's teeth as he advances up stream, or comes in fitful gusts; on such occasions no ordinary fisherman can cast up stream, unless, indeed, he use the powerful loop-rod, and yet he may secure some fish and much pleasure with little toil on such days by ishing down stream, although it is undeniable that fishing up stream is not only more scientific, but also usually more advantageous to the angler. An artistic and very pleaFurable mode of casting the fly is to drop it exactly across a wide stream. The best fish generally lurk under the bank, particularly il the wind blows towards it.' The author rites most sensibly on the use of winged ties as opposed to spider hackles," and, of course, as a Border angler, he is bound to during the summer heats. apold worm-fishing as an artistic procedure differ from him, but then we take a much reference. We entirely higher view of fly-fishing than he would

grant.

On this last point, as a work of reference, one serious drawback exists at present:

There can be no doubt that Mr. Lewis writes with a good deal of prejudice on the side which he himself takes upon the ritual difficulties and legal questions now dividing the Church of England. The purpose of his work is to supply some kind of solution for "the confusions that of late years have gathered round church matters," and by an appeal to history to "help to quiet the scruples of conscientious minds, and to restore unity, order, and peace to a divided church." This purpose would have been more fully attained if the author's own opinions had been altogether kept out of sight. It is true that, with two or three exceptions, where rather too strong language is used, these opinions are not brought forward so prominently as to be offensive; but the general animus is far too evident, and weakens in proportion not only the arguments, but the conclusion at which Mr. Lewis desires his readers to arrive. If he had more strictly kept to his intention of an impartial survey of the whole facts," he would have produced a better book and certainly acted more wisely.

Mr. Lewis's volume will always be (as already said) useful as a work of reference to inquirers upon either side of the two great divisions of church parties.

The

carefulness with which he has avoided con

troversy or argument upon doctrine might leave the reader in doubt as to whether he should be spoken of as Low Church or High Church; but upon ritual his opinion is perfectly clear. In fact, it might not be too much to say not only that Mr. Lewis agrees entirely with the late judgment

so much disputed in the Ridsdale case, but that his book has been compiled with the direct object of supporting the correctness of that judgment, in case the authorities on which it rested should ever again be called in question before a court. Those authorities may shortly be summed up in one alone, namely, theadvertisements' of Queen Elizabeth. Mr. Lewis insists, as did the majority of the Committee of the Privy Council in 1877, that these advertisements were not only duly put forth at the time, according to the requirements of the statute 1 Eliz. c. 2, but are also still in force, so far as the famous

rubric of the present Common Prayer Book regarding church ornaments is concerned. On the other hand, in reviewing publications on both sides of this question from time to time, we have ourselves taken the

issue with the author is in his low estimate mised to contain "appendices"; among these Where most anglers, however, will join there is no index. A second volume is pro- opposite view, and there is nothing in Mr.

a full index should find a prominent place. In

of the grayling. The fact that the umber or grayling comes into condition just as the trout his short preface to this single volume Mr. the angler's amusement almost until trout fe out of season, and thereby prolongs Lewis excuses the publication of it alone as an "historical enquiry complete in itsecure this curious member of the Salmonidæ not entirely so. self." This is true to a certain extent, but For example, the promised doubtedly it is a much less sporting fish than once; even as early as his first extract there are referred to more than the trout, but it has associations which no one would willingly surrender. It is one of relating to the alterations which are known pute is not 'Did Queen Elizabeth take other

Lewis's assertions or arguments which induces us in the least to alter that opinion. In his attempts to prove the existing legal authority of the advertisements Mr. Lewis defends, of course, Lord Selborne's argument explained in his lordship's "Notes" on the reformed liturgy, which we reviewed in February, 1878. In his opening chapter Mr. Lewis at once puts the whole question is a statement-not without importance wrongly. He says, "The real point in dis

a high rank in piscatorial estimation. Un-"appendices"

our oldest salmonoids,

streams

a native only of

to have been made by Henry VIII. in 1509

order in the advertisements of 1566?' but,

This is an Whether the

as originally fed by glaciers; it extends in the form of his coronation oath. A few Was other order taken in the advertiseHigher north than any other member of words would easily have explained what ments by her authority?'" the family; its ecclesiastical attractions are these were; but readers who have not heard

evasion of the true question.