The Hunger-Rot.-This disease, as its name denotes, is generally occasioned by poor living, especially from a scanty supply of winter-fodder. It may easily be known from the leanness of the sheep. An immediate change of keep is the proper cure.-Complete Grazier.

Foot-Rot.-Its general cause is the wetness and poachiness of the soil, with the common exceptions of salt marshes, where the sheep seldom have the foot-rot.

Dr. Wilkinson of Enfield-Chace, whose authority, from practice, stands very high, considers moisture as the predisposing cause, which gradually operates upon the whole flock, and then it is quite in order for the lookers-on to suppose that it is contagious, and that they catch it one from another. Prevent, on suspected grounds, by constant examination, and rubbing in well between the claws, oil of turpentine and common brandy, well mixed in a bottle. The disease confirmed, cleanse the foot from dirt and the discharge, and pare away the decayed and infected parts, using the milder caustics first. It may be necessary to apply pledgets, and to bind up the foot, keeping the sheep in dry places.-Lawrence.

Mr George Culley, an eminent grazier in the county of Northumberland (from whom I have already quoted), recommends the following cure:-Mix four ounces of the best honey, two ounces of pulverized burnt alum, and half a pound of powdered Armenian bole, in such a quantity of train or fish oil as will make the various ingredients of the consistence of salve. The honey should be first dissolved, and the bole carefully stirred in, and then the alum and oil are to be added. The celebrated Mr Bakewell gives the following prescription:-Reduce three ounces of verdigris, four ounces of alum, a similar quantity of vitriol, one ounce and a half of white mercury, and one ounce of white copperas, respectively, into fine powder, and gradually dissolve the whole in one quart of white-wine vinegar. To these I shall add another, taken from Mr Hogg's "Shepherd's Guide:"-Let the sore foot be well, washed with soap and urine, and then bathed with turpentine, and afterwards rubbed all over with tar, and bound with flannel.

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Blood-Rot, or Inflammation of the Liver.-In this disease the liver is bloated and inflamed, of a dark hue, but covered with a white film, the substance brittle, and full of white specks, like seeds or knots. It is observed by a Lincolnshire grazier, that equally various with the conjectures respecting the origin of this destructive malady are the pre

ventives and remedies recommended, among which are parsley, sweet hay, and other dry keep. Mr Lasteyrie states, that the German sheep-farmers protect their flocks from this contagion by inoculation, which is performed by making an incision in the inner face of the thigh, from which the wool is stripped, about four fingers distant from the anus. The incision must penetrate the skin, but care should be taken not to wound any muscle. A pustule of an infected animal is next squeezed with the fingers, and, after taking away the virus on the point of a lancet, it is transferred to the wound of the sheep which is intended to be inoculated, which will contract the disorder, the symptoms of which are very mild, and the recovery from which is both speedy and certain. Complete Grazier.

Braxey, or Sickness.-This disorder is divided into three, viz., the dry, the costive, and the watery braxey. It appears to be inflammation in the bowels, either from taking in with the food, rime, hoar-frost, or from other similar causes; or the blood, from a change of poor to rich keep. The costive braxey is merely the cholic from obstructed intestines. The watery braxey is supposed to be the red water, as it is attended with a suppression of urine; the safest and shortest course to relieve which is to puncture the bladder without wounding the guts, and so draw off the urine, covering and healing the wound.-Lawrence.

Gid, Water in the Head, Staggers, or Sturdy, &c.These are various terms for the dropsy of the brain. Respecting the cause of this disease there is but one opinion entertained among shepherds, which is, that it is occasioned by a chilliness in the back of the animal on account of its being exposed to the cold blasts of winter.

Symptoms. These are so well known as to need no description. The sheep appears stupid, holding the head aside, sometimes turning it round.

Cure. The radical operation is to trepan the skull, and extract the bladder, containing, according to Mascal, worms which are white like oat groats. Mr Hogg has cured many sheep of this disease by putting a stocking-wire up their nostril, by which the sack or bladder was perforated.

CHAPTER III.

SECTION I.

A SUMMARY OF THE DUTIES, GENERAL AND PARTICULAR, OF A

LAND-STEWARD.

To form an accomplished Land-Steward, it is requisite that theory and practice go hand in hand. By consulting books we profit by the experience of other men, and perhaps gain in one year that knowledge which it might have taken the laborious practice of many to acquire. The library of the lord ought to be a resource to the steward for the most approved and useful books in every department of agriculture and economical science.

In order to understand the true grounds of tillage, and of the drill system, let the steward first of all have recourse to the great original works of Tull and Miller, the Tours of Mr Marshal, the Surveys and Communications of the Board of Agriculture, the works of Arthur Young, &c.

Respecting the proper management of soils, crops, and live-stock, all the works of the justly-celebrated and very experienced authors from whom the preceding pages have been extracted will form an inestimable mass of useful information to the steward, or to any one who has money to purchase and time to peruse them.

As to law, it is convenient that the steward be not ignorant of the common branches of it which relate to landlord and tenant, to parish-business, the poor, and the highways, commons, forests, &c.

On every branch of science necessary to his profession let the steward consult the newest and best authors.

The first Acts of Stewardship.-Great stress has been laid, by the old writers, on the necessity of the steward undertaking no more business than he can faithfully and duly execute; and he is by them very properly reminded, that his business has nothing in it of the nature of a sinecure, or of an occupation which can be sufficiently attended to by the bye.

On his first entry into office, let the steward make a general survey of the estates and property of every description committed to his charge, forming an inventory, and opening a

set of books upon a plan previously and deliberately chosen. Let nothing of importance be committed to the uncertain custody of the memory, or of loose and straggling papers.

A very strict scrutiny is at the commencement, and indeed ever afterwards, necessary, into the character and conduct of inferior servants and labourers, because with improper instruments of this kind it is totally impossible for a steward faithfully to discharge his duty to his lord, or to render justice to his own character. Every estate should be accurately surveyed, and correctly described in a map, of which the tenant also should have one.

It is the duty of the steward to check all irregularities in the bud; to have in his possession duplicates of all leases, covenants, deeds, &c.; to inspect all repairs, that they be duly and substantially performed, fencing regularly kept up, ditches cast and scoured, water-courses free, and all common rights fairly enjoyed according to covenant.

To observe that the cutting of underwood be at the regular customary or covenanted periods; that the lopping of pollards be fair, and no damage done in any wise to the lord's timber or woods. To discourage poaching and destruction of the game, rather by rational and moderate means than either by the threat or exertion of the excessive rigour of the law.

To caution the tenants that they suffer not the land to be overrun and rooted up by moles, nor the commons and woodlands by swine unringed. To observe that all materials produced by the estate, in any respect fit for manure or other useful purpose, be disposed of and used among the tenants, and by no means alienated from the estate.

It is one of the first duties of a steward to give notice to his lord of any and every circumstance materially affecting his estate either immediately or in prospect.

To let out an Estate on Leases of reasonable duration is, beyond all question, of equal benefit to the lord and to his tenants, since the increased worth of the estate must arise from improvements, the completion of which require the expenditure of both much time and property, and which no tenant at will can risk; and with a good tenant the landlord will have sufficient assurance that such improvement will be effected, in the consideration that the tenant can in no other possible method make so great interest of his money, or contribute in so high a degree to his own comfort and conveniency. Perhaps the term of twenty-one years is the best medium between tenancy at will and leases on lives.

FORM OF A RENTAL-BOOK.

It is customary in most manors for the tenants to pay their yearly rents by two equal payments, whether they be Ladyday and Michaelmas, or May-day and Martinmas. In either or both of which cases the following forms may be adopted, dating them according to the days of payment.

A Half-yearly Rental of the Manor of A, and Rents received by B. C. May 10, 1826, due Michaelmas, 1825, viz.

A complete yearly Rental of the above-mentioned Manor of A. from