GLOSSARY abide (iii. 1. 94, 2. 119), pay the penalty for. Properly, aby; the form is the result of a confusion with abide, wait for. abjects (iv. 1. 37), offscourings, thrown away things. The word occurs accented "abjécts” in Richard III, i. 1. 106; not elsewhere as a substantive. address'd (iii. 1. 29), ready. affections (ii. 1. 20), natural inclinations, feelings. aim (i. 2. 163), guess, conjecture. O. F. esmer, Lat. adaestimare. alarum (stage-direction, passim), call to arms; another form of "alarm" (cf. through, thorough: flip, fillip, &c.): from It. all'arme. an_(i. 2. 268), if. Spelled and in Elizabethan English, except in the combination an 't were. A special use of the ordinary conjunction and, occurring from the earliest period of the language. The present spelling has been adopted by modern editors for the convenience of readers. annoy (i. 3. 22; ii. 1. 160), molest, hurt. O. F. anoi (=ennui), Lat. in odio, so "to be unpleasant," hence "injure." anon (passim), "at once," softened to "before long." Cf. presently. answer: (1) reply, lit. counter-affirmation; (2) account, i. 3. 114, "My answer must be made"; (3) atonement, iii. 2. 85, "and grievously hath Cæsar answered it"; (4) with a play on the word charge," v. 1. 24, "We will answer on their charge" = repel their attack. apparent: (1) seeming; (2) visible, which have appeared, ii. 1. 198; (3) "evident," possibly but not probably the sense in this passage. See note.. apprehensive (iii. 1. 67), imaginative, and so capricious. àpt: (1) (ii. 2. 97) likely; (2) suitable; (3) (iii. 1. 160) ready; (4) (v. 3. 68) quick, easily moved. Lat. aptus, fitted. arrive (i. 2. 110), reach. Low Latin adripare (ripa, bank), come ashore. Used without a preposition by Shakespeare. augurer (ii. 1. 200, 2. 37), professional interpreter of omens. battle (v. 1. 4), division of an army, as we use the kindred word "battalion." Also of the "main body" of an army. bay (iii. 1. 204), bring to bay; (iv. 1. 49, 3. 27) bark at. A deer brought to bay is a deer with the hounds baying round him. For abay, cf. Fr. aboyer. bear... hard (i. 2. 317; ii. 1. 215; iii. 1. 157), bear ill-will to. Not elsewhere in Shakespeare in this sense. Origin of the phrase uncertain. beholding (iii. 2. 70), under obligation, for beholden. bend (i. 2. 123), look, i. e. the bend or direction of the eye; from the use of the verb bend direct. Cf. = = bent natural direction or incli- charactery (ii. 1. 308), written charnation of the mind. bill (v. 2. 1), letter. Cf. Fr. billet. L. L. billa Lat. bulla (whence Papal "bull"), a seal, and hence "sealed writing." bootless (iii. 1. 75), vainly, without "boot," O. E. bót, "profit." brave, bravery (v. 1. 10): (1) magnificence; (2) courage. See note. Der. uncertain. 66 cautelous (ii. 1. 129), deceitful, through 'over-cautious from the primary sense of "cautious," Lat. cautela, caution. censure (iii. 2. 16), judge, without the specific modern sense of blame. ceremony, Lat. caeremonia, religious rite. So (1) (ii. 2. 13) superstition, superstitious observances; (2) ceremonial, religious or otherwise (i. 2. 11; iii. 1. 241); (3) decorations, the concrete accompaniment of ceremonial (i. 1. 70). chapped (i. 2. 245), rough, chopped. Chop and chap are the same word, o and a being often interchangeable. So As You Like It, ii. 4. 50, "her pretty chopt hands." acters, writing. charge (iv. 1. 9), expense. cheer (iii. 1. 89), countenance, mien. O. F. chere, L. L. cara, face. chew (i. 2. 171), ponder, exactly as we use ruminate. climate (i. 3. 32), region, as we use clime; not referring to the weather. The word primarily meant slope; hence a particular region regarded in respect of its slope from equator to pole; hence, in respect of its temperature; hence the temperature or weather itself. cognizance (ii. 2. 89), memorial; not something" to be recognized by," but something" to remind of." colour (ii. 1. 29), apparent justification; so frequent in Shakespeare, as we use the analogous phrase "a colorable pretext.' = conceit (i. 3. 162; iii. 1. 192), a verb conceive, picture; perhaps in the former case with a sense of the use of conceit for fanciful expression. condition (ii. 1. 236, 254), bodily or mental health. consort (v. 1. 83), accompany. constant (iii. 1. 22), steady, undisturbed. contrive (ii. 3. 16), plot, conspire; for controve; cf. Fr. trouver, find. contriver (ii. 1. 158), plotter, schemer. 1 countenance (i. 3. 159), countenanc-envy (ii. 1. 164), hatred. ing approval. cynic (iv. 3. 133), one who professed even (ii. 1. 133), calm. Romeo and Juliet, iii. 5. 13, "It is exigent (v. 1. 19), exigency. factious (i. 3. 118), energetic, in con- fall (iv. 2. 26), let fall, lower. of the compar., O. E. fierre. favour (i. 2. 91, 3. 129), appearance. drachma (iii. 2. 247), a Greek coin. fear (ii. 1. 190), cause or ground of See note. earn. See yearn. = element (i. 3. 128), air, sky. Every- fear. fearful, fearfulness (i. 1. 80), condition of fear; (v. 1. 10) either feeling fear or causing fear. figure (ii. 1. 231), phantasm, imagi- fleering (i. 3. 117), mocking. The haps "in outward appearance.' former (v. 1. 80), foremost; here of place; we always use it of time. entertain (v. 5. 60), take into serv- general (ii. 1. 12), public (as sub ice. stantive). gorge (v. 1. 82), feed, the regular term for the manner of feeding of birds of prey. Fr. gorge, throat. grief (i. 3. 118, &c.), grievance. havoc (iii. 1. 273), equivalent to "no quarter," O. E. hafoc, hawk. Precisely how it came to be used as an exclamation remains uncertain. The suggestion is that it has something to do with letting the hawk loose on the quarry. health (iv. 3. 36), welfare. heap (i. 3. 23), crowd, cluster. Cf. Richard III, ii. 1. 53, "Amongst this princely heap." high-sighted (ii. 1. 118), arrogant, "looking down" upon the rest of humanity. hoot (i. 2. 245), shout, without any sense of disapproval as now. humour (passim). The four "humours of which the "complexion" (q. v.) was made up were "blood, phlegm, choler, and melancholy," and were referred respectively to the four elements, air, water, fire, earth. While the humours were mixed in proper proportion mind and body were in health; any disorder of the humours resulted in some form of ill-health. hurtle (ii. 2. 22), clash, clatter. ides of March; the 15th of the month. The Romans fixed their dates by the number of days before the Kalends (1st), Nones (5th or 7th), or Ides (13th or 15th) of each month. In eight months the Nones and Ides fell on the 5th and 13th; in the other four March, May, July, October on the 7th and 15th. incertain (v. 3. 96), M. E. form for uncertain. incorporate (i. 3. 135), united, in dissolubly bound. indirection (iv. 3. 75), indirect or crooked action, dishonesty. insuppressive (ii. 1. 134), insuppressible; the active form used for the passive; like unexpressive (As You Like It, iii. 2. 10). jade (iv. 2. 26), an ill-conditioned horse (used either for a vicious, weak, or tired animal, whence the modern use of jaded). jealous (i. 2. 71, 162), distrustful. jigging (iv. 3. 137), given to compos ing jigs, or trashy ballads. kerchief (ii. 1.315), head-covering in sickness. Fr. couvre-chef. kind (i. 3. 64), nature, specific qual ities. knave (iv. 3. 241), boy, servant. lethe (iii. 1. 206), death, destruction. Lat. letum, death; sometimes written lethum. See note. 66 liable to (i. 2. 199; ii. 2. 104), compatible with. In the second passage, reason to my love is liable," Decius does not mean that his love "overcomes reason," for he wishes to show that reason and his affection agree. lief (i. 2. 95), readily, willingly. lover (iii. 2. 13, &c.), friend. The restricted modern sense was in frequent use, but had not become exclusive. Lupercal (i. 1. 72, &c.), the Luper calia, a Roman festival held on Feb. 15, being in its origin a pastoral feast of purification. The due performance of the rites was supposed to produce fertility. mace (iv. 3. 268), the staff of office carried by a sergeant; here Slumber, who is spoken of as if arresting Lucius by touching him with his mace, "leaden" to express the heaviness of sleep. main (ii. 1. 196), general. marry (i. 2. 265), an exclamation, corrupted from by Mary," though this origin was too completely forgotten for the anachro nism in Casca's mouth to be re- passion (i. 2. 48), emotion, or feeling markable. mart (iv. 3. 11), barter (as verb). tent. of any kind. peevish (v. 1. 61), whining; conveying generally the disagreeable ideas connected with childishness. physical (ii. 1. 261), good for the health. pitch (i. 1. 78), a technical term for the height to which the falcon soars in order to swoop down upon the quarry. For-power (iv. 1. 42, 2. 31 [stage direction], 3. 169), army. Cf. the present use of force. morrow (ii. 1. 87). The same word mutiny (iii. 1. 86), disturbance. niggard (iv. 3. 228), verb, treat in a speare. night-gown (ii. 2. stage direction), dressing-gown. note (iv. 3. 2), publicly reprimand, brand (metaphorically). Lat. notare, to mark. The word is used in this sense by North. occupation (i. 2. 269), trade. o'erwatch'd (iv. 3. 241), exhausted by loss of sleep. once (iv. 3. 191), some day. orchard (ii. 1), garden. orts (iv. 1. 37), leavings. palter (ii. 1. 126), shuffle, connected with paltry; perhaps from the notion of a huckster haggling over worthless wares. prefer (v. 5. 62), commend. Cf. Merchant of Venice, ii. 2. 155, where Bassanio plays on prefer in the sense of commend, and preferment in the sense of advance ment. present (ii. 2. 5), immediate. presently (iii. 1. 28, &c.), forthwith, without delay. Softened down in modern use (as anon had already been softened) to after a little delay. press (i. 2. 15), crowd. prevent (ii. 1. 28), be beforehand, anticipate. Lat. prae, venire, come before. prick'd (iii. 1. 216), marked in a list (originally, by pricking with a pin). prodigious (i. 3. 77), portentous, though with a suggestion of the idea of hugeness, which has supplanted the stricter use, precisely as has occurred with monstrous. Lat. prodigium, omen. proof (ii. 1. 21), experience, i. e. proper (v. 3. 96), own. "" So own = very Own (Fr. propre, own). Hence (i. 2. 41) appropriate, belonging to; so suitable, and hence (i. 1. 29) handsome, goodly. |