by Congress, VIII. 189. Cost of medal, 235.. Flies, instance of restoring life to drowned, VI. 110. Flora, the ship, Franklin requests restoration of, to captain, under law of nations affecting property of neutrals, VIII. 223. Florida, impossibility of inducing emigration to from Middle States, VI. 26, 31, 32. Parlia mentary grants to, 43, note, 57. Governments of East and West established by royal proclamation, 48. Flying fish, observations on, I. 136. Fogs, description of extraordinary, in France in 1783, X. 325. Suggestion of connection of, with cold winters, id. FOLGER, PETER, verses by, I. 40, 41, and sketch of, 40, 41, note FOTHERGILL, Dr., intercedes between Franklin and proprietaries, I. 308. Negotiates with Franklin in regard to reconciliation of Great Britain and colonies, VI. 445. His death, VIII. 369. Foundlings, enormous numbers of, in Paris, X. 417, XI. 46. Fox, CHARLES JAMES, sends Thomas Grenville to Paris to negotiate peace, IX. 283. Franklin's high regard for, X. 164, 165. France, proceedings of commis Con sioners to (see Commissioners). Franklin's account of his visit to, in 1767, IV. 312. Troops sent by, to West Indies not hostile to United States, VII. 113. Suspected of supplying munitions to America, 154. flicting feeling about American war in, 168. United States offers to assist, in conquest of British sugar islands, 199. Cordiality towards Americans in, 249 Treaties of commerce and of defensive alliance with, concluded, 251. Franklin's reception by people and court of, 261, note. Frustration of British efforts to sow dissension be tween United States and, 293- break of hostilities between peace, 136. Concerning a milfion of livres loaned by, and unaccounted for, XI. 258, 268, 278-280; paid to Beaumarchais, 300, note. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. His works, editions of, I. i.-xxvi. His Autobiography, history of (see Autobiography). Ancestry, 33, 34. Letter from his father on family history, 35, note. Family connection, 35-39. His father's removal to New England, 39. His birth, 39. His school life, 41, 42. His candlemaking, 42, 46. Character of his parents, 43-45. Monument to his parents, 46, note. Choice of trade, 46, 47. Apprenticed to a printer, 48. His early literary tastes and efforts, 47-52. His adoption of Socratic method of argument and reflections thereon, 53-55 His connection with New England Courant, 56-59. He goes to New York, 60, and continues his travels to Philadelphia, 61-64. His early adventures in Philadelphia, 65-68, and employment by Keimer, 68. Sir 79. Pub fishes A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, which introduces him to valuable acquaintances, 91. Sells asbestos purse to Sir Hans Sloane, 92. Parts from Ralph and leaves Palmer, 93, 94. His reflections on beer-drinking, 96. His influence on associates, 27. His lodgings on Duke Street, 98, 99. His exhibition of swimming, 100, 101. Enters Denham's service and sails for America, 102,103 Describes Portsmouth, 105, and Isle of Wight, 107-117. His reflections on solitude, 122. His observations on dolphins, 124, on gulf weed, 132, and on flying-fish and herons, 136, 137. Arrives in Philadelphia, 140. Loses his situation by Denham's death, 142. Reëngages with Keimer, 142. Describes his duties and associates, 142-144. Quarrels with Keimer, 145. Contemplates partnership with Meredith, 146, but returns to Keimer, 147. His religious and moral development, 149, 150. Forms partnership with Meredith, 151. Establishes Junto Club, 153, 154. His industry, 156. Contributes to BusyBody and buys Keimer's newspaper, 157. His articles attract public attention to Pennsylvania Gazette, 157-161. His financial troubles and dissolution of partnership, 162, 163. His opinions about increase of paper-money, 164, 165. Opens a stationer's shop, 166, and vanquishes competitors, 167. Contemplates marriage with Miss Godfrey, 168, but marries Miss Read, 170. Establishes Philadelphia public library, and secures subscribers, 182-184. His own and wife's personal habits and characteristics, 184. 185. His conception of true religion, 186. His experience with a Presbyterian minister, 186, 187. His plan for achieving moral perfection, 188199. Plans The Art of Virtue, 200. His moral struggles, 202-203. Jottings for his great and extensive project to reform mankind, 203-206. Publishes Poor Richard's Almanac, 206. His observations on the proper conduct of newspapers, 208, 209. His business venture in South Carolina, 209. Supports the preacher Hemphill, 211. Studies modern and classical languages, 212, 214. Opposes enlargement of Junto Club, 215. Is appointed clerk of General Assembly, 215 and postmaster, 217. Suggests reform of city watch, 217, and initiates Union Fire Company, 219. His acquaintance with Whitefield, the revivalist, and impressions of him, 220-226. Extends his business, 226. Advocates establishment of Academy and improvement of defences and founds Philosophical Society, 227-229. By activity in promoting interest in military defences, ingratiates himself with governor and council, but offends Quakers, whose opposition he finally overcomes, 230-235. Invents and describes the Franklin fireplace, 237, 238. Again advocates establishment of Academy and succeeds in founding it, 238, 239. Becomes trustee of the Whitefield building and acquires it for Academy, 240, 241. Practically retires from the printing business, 241. Fills several civil offices and is elected to the Assembly, 242, 243. Appointed to negotiate with Indians and reflects on their customs, 243, 244. Aids Dr. Bond in establishing a hospital, 244-247. Urges pavement of Philadelphia streets and introduces bill for that purpose in Assembly, 248, 249. Invents improved street lamp, 250. And suggests a better method of cleaning the London streets, 251-254. His reflections on self-help and anecdote illustrating his own self-helpfulness, 254. Is appointed jointly with Mr. W. Hunter Postmaster-General in Amer ica, 255. Receives degree of M.A. from Harvard and Yale, and goes to Albany to confer with deputies of the Six Nations, 256. His plan for defensive union of the colonies and its fate, 256-259. His public and private relations with Governor Morris, 259–261. Secures from Assembly grant to assist colony of Massachusetts Bay in expedition against French in Canada, 262, 263. Meets General Braddock at Frederictown and contracts to supply his army with baggagewagons, 264. Advertises for wagons and issues an address to the people asking for their cooperation, 265-268. Assists Braddock's expedition still further, 269, 270. His estimate of Braddock and account of his defeat at Duquesne, and death, 271-275. Is held responsible for value by owners of lost and destroyed wagons, 275, 276. Is appointed commissioner for expenditure of defence money, and pushes militia bill through Assembly, 278. Commands expedition to protect northwest frontier of Pennsylvania against Indians, 278, 279. Builds a fort at Moravian village of Gnadenhut, 280-282. Resigns his command, 284. Describes Moravian customs, 284, 285. Is chosen colonel of a regiment of militia, 286. Excites jealousy of the proprietaries, 287. Growth of his scientific reputation, 289-292. Is elected member of the Royal Society and awarded the gold medal of Sir Godfrey Copley, 293, 294. Refuses to compromise with the proprietary, 295. Is appointed by Assembly agent to present petition against proprietaries to king, 296. Persuades the Assembly to frame a bill for defences agreeable to governor and proprietaries, 297. His departure for England delayed by Lord Loudoun's procrastination, 298-300. Is referred to the treasury for payment of the remainder of his personal expenditure for Braddock's expedition, 303. Reflects on the building and sailing of ships, 305. Escapes wreck on the Scilly Isles and arrives in London, 306, 307. Discusses legislation for the colonies with Lord Granville, 308, 309. Conducts controversy with proprietaries to successful issue, 310-313. End of Autobiography, 313. His Life and Opinions. Concerning sects and creeds, II. 64. New England doctrine, 66. Origin of his interest in electricity and summary account of his experiments and discoveries, 171179. Receives dangerous shock while experimenting, 325. Thanked by Louis XV. for his discoveries in electricity, 402. His services to Braddock, III. 90. Participates actively in defensive measures after Braddock's defeat, 101, note. Commissioned military commissioner for Northampton County, 118. Military operations conducted by, 119-126. Made a member of Society for Encouragement of Arts, etc., 144, note. to England by Pennsylvania Assembly to present its grievances against the proprietaries, 169, note. Arrives in London, 195. Illness of, in London, 196. William Strahan's opinion of, 202. Visits his father's birthplace at Ecton, 237. Visits Holland, 363. Returns to America in 1762, 425, note. Arrives in Philadelphia, 426. Chronicle of his services in Assembly from 1751 to 1763, 434444. Expenses of, in England, from 1757 to 1763, 445, 446. Comments on peace of 1763, 447. Second mission to England, IV. 17, note. Public subscription to defray his expenses, 17. Partisan opposition to, Sent id., 19. Arrives in England, 21. Success of his first mission, 49, note. Interesting summary of his life from 1762 to 1764 in letter to Lord Kames, 148. Views of, in regard to union between colonies and Great Britain and the repeal or suspension of Stamp Act, 166. Examined in House of Commons in regard to repeal of Stamp Act, 171. Circumstances lead His ing to examination, id. Indignation against, in Philadelphia, caused by accusation that he had planned the Stamp Act, 171, note. Extract from Gentleman's Magazine on examination of, 214. Editorial note on examination, 215. Visits the Continent in 1766, 234, note Proposes to visit Paris, 311. Attentions of French ambassador in London to, id. proposers on his election to Royal Society, 340. Intrigues to remove him from his office of Deputy Postmaster-General in America, V. 16. Appointed agent for Georgia, 20. Loyalty of, to colonies, 76, note. Writes to London Chronicle in answer to "British Officers'" criticism of origin, manners, and military services of Americans, 77. Answers Strahan's queries respecting American affairs, 129. Of his appointment as agent for Massachusetts, 217. Rumor that he had been dismissed from office of Deputy Postmaster-General, 219. Conference with Lord Hillsborough in regard to his appointment as agent for Massachusetts, 231. Predicts disunion and war as inevitable results of exaction of customs in America by Parliament, 245. Remarks of, on project of making colonial governors independent, 279; on the attempt to exempt commissioners of customs in Massachusetts from local taxation, 281; on the force in the colonies of king's instruc tions, 283. His tour in Scotland and Ireland in 1771, 287, 288. Remarks on wretched condition of masses in those countries, id. Their condition compared with that of people in New England, id. Of the downfall of Lord Hills borough, 344. His hopes of favor from Lord Dartmouth, 345, 369. His experience with Lord Hillsborough after returning from Ireland, 347. His agreeable situation in England and of the attention paid to him by foreign ambassadors, 348. Chosen to the Royal Academy in Paris, 349. On committee of Royal Society to report on lightning conductors for powder magazines at Purfleet, 350, 351. His report, id. Favorably received by Lord Dartmouth, 385; presents Massachusetts petition to him, 388. His preface to the votes and proceedings of Freeholders, etc., of Boston, 392. His connection with these proceedings, 392, note. Answers the report of the Board of Trade on Walpole's grant or settlement on Ohio river, 433. Compensation of, as agent for Pennsylvania and other provinces, VI. 63. Transmits Hutchinson's letters to Massachusetts, 126. Justifies his conduct as agent against censure of Massachusetts legislature, 152. His strained relations with Lord North, 174. Motives of, in transmitting Hutchinson's letters, 186, 187. Sends to Lord Dartmouth petitions of Massachusetts for removal of Hutchinson and Oliver, 190. Advisability of concealing his connection with transmission of letters, 186, 187, 193. Discloses his agency in transmitting the letters to prevent duel between Temple and Whately, 266, 268. His correspondence with Josiah Tucker in refutation of charge that he had solicited Grenville for a place in the stamp office, 269. Interview with Lord Dartmouth on petition for removal of Massachusetts governors, 266. Hearing on the petition before the privy council, 277. Editorial account of his connection with transmission of Hutchinson's letters, and of hearing before the privy council, 289-300. His own "Account of the Transactions Relating to Governor Hutchinson's Letters," 370. Dismissed from office of Deputy PostmasterGeneral in North America, 287. Of his reappointment to Georgia agency in 1774, 302, 327. Resentment against, in England on account of transmission of Hutchinson letters, 311. Sails for America March 20, 1775, 435, note. His narrative of his efforts to effect a reconciliation with Great Britain, 435. His demeanor after Wedderburn's attack on him before the Privy Council, 436. First interview with Lord Chatham, 439. Interviews and correspondence with David Barclay and Dr. Fothergill on subject of reconciliation, 443. His "Hints on Terms of Reconciliation" prepared at Barclay's request, 448. First interview with Lord Howe on subject of reconciliation, VII. 14. Agrees at Lord Howe's request to prepare propositions for reconciliation, 17. Interview with Lord Chatham on proceedings of Continental Congress, 19. Introduced by Lord Chatham to the House of Lords, 31. Further interviews with Lord Chatham on latter's plan of reconciliation, 34. Visited in Craven Street by Lord Chatham, 35. Notes of, on Lord Chatham's plan, 37. Eulogized by Chatham in House of Lords, 41. Offers of rewards to, if he would assist British ministry in effecting a reconciliation, by Lord Howe, 21, 62; by Lord Hyde, |