Political Parties and DemocracyLarry Diamond, Richard Gunther JHU Press, 21.12.2001 - 356 Seiten Political parties are one of the core institutions of democracy. But in democracies around the world—rich and poor, Western and non-Western—there is growing evidence of low or declining public confidence in parties. In membership, organization, and popular involvement and commitment, political parties are not what they used to be. But are they in decline, or are they simply changing their forms and functions? In contrast to authors of most previous works on political parties, which tend to focus exclusively on long-established Western democracies, the contributors to this volume cover many regions of the world. Theoretically, they consider the essential functions that political parties perform in democracy and the different types of parties. Historically, they trace the emergence of parties in Western democracies and the transformation of party cleavage in recent decades. Empirically, they analyze the changing character of parties and party systems in postcommunist Europe, Latin America, and five individual countries that have witnessed significant change: Italy, Japan, Taiwan, India, and Turkey. As the authors show, political parties are now only one of many vehicles for the representation of interests, but they remain essential for recruiting leaders, structuring electoral choice, and organizing government. To the extent that parties are weak and discredited, the health of democracy will be seriously impaired. Contributors: Larry Diamond and Richard Gunther • Hans Daalder • Philippe Schmitter • Seymour Martin Lipset • Giovanni Sartori • Bradley Richardson • Herbert Kitschelt • Michael Coppedge • Ergun Ozbudun • Yun-han Chu • Leonardo Morlino • Ashutosh Varshney and E. Sridharan • Stefano Bartolini and Peter Mair. |
Inhalt
Types and Functions of Parties Richard Gunther and Larry Diamond | 3 |
The Rise of Parties in Western Democracies Hans Daalder | 40 |
Seymour Martin Lipset | 52 |
Parties Are Not What They Once Were Philippe C Schmitter | 67 |
The Three Phases of Italian Parties Leonardo Morlino | 109 |
Japans 1955 System and Beyond Bradley Richardson | 143 |
Political Darwinism in Latin Americas Lost Decade | 173 |
Political Parties in India | 206 |
The Institutional Decline of Parties in Turkey Ergun Özbudun | 238 |
The Legacy of OneParty Hegemony in Taiwan Yunhan Chu | 266 |
Divergent Paths of Postcommunist Democracies Herbert Kitschelt | 299 |
Challenges to Contemporary Political Parties | 327 |