The Principles of Engineering Materials

alloy amorphous applied Bloch wall Burgers vector Calculate carbon Chapter component composition concentration conduction band consider cooling covalent bonds crack creep crystal structure crystalline decreases depends diffraction diffusion dipoles direction dislocation density domain elastic modulus electrical resistivity energy levels engineering equilibrium example Fermi energy ferrite ferromagnetic fibers force fracture free electrons free energy grain boundary heat impurity atoms increases internal energy interstitial ionic ions kinetic energy lattice liquid magnetic field martensite matrix melting temperature metal microstructure molecules motion n-type n-type semiconductor occurs oxidation p-n junction particles phase diagram photon plastic deformation polymer potential energy produce quantum reaction region room temperature sample Schematic semiconductor shown in Fig silicon slip plane solid solution steel strain rate superconducting surface tensile thermal tion transformation unit cell vacancies valence band velocity voltage wavelength weight percent yield strength