Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics

activity adiabatic AGº alloy atm pressure atoms binary Calculate chemical CO₂ component composition condensed phases constant pressure constant-volume Cu2+ curve CuSO4 decrease electrode Ellingham diagram enthalpy entropy change equals equation free energy change function gas mixture gas phase gases Gibbs free energy gives H₂ H₂O heat reservoir hence Henrian Henry's law ideal gas increase intersect irreversible isothermal isothermal process joules joules/degree joules/mole kilojoules melting temperature mixing molar free energy molar volume number of moles occurs oxidation oxygen oxygen pressure P₂ partial pressure particles PCO₂ PH₂ phase change phase diagram PO₂ pure Raoult's law Raoultian respect reversibly RT ln saturated saturated vapor pressure shown in Fig solid species stable standard free energy T₁ T₂ thermodynamic vapor pressure variables variation zero ΔΗ ат ӘР